Contents

• Background
• Graphical Methods
• Descriptive Plots
1. Histogram
• Diagnostic plots
1. Q-Q plots
• Summary
• Numerical Methods
• Descriptive statistics
1. Skewness
2. Kurtosis
• Diagnostic tests
1. Skewness and kurtosis test
2. Shapiro-Wilk W test
• Summary

Background

Histogram

Q-Q plot

Skewness

Kurtosis

Skewness and kurtosis test

Shapiro-Wilk W test

Overview of the commands in SAS, R, and Stata for the tests

Medical statistics

standard deviation

standard deviation